🇻🇳 Vietnam – AML & Sanctions Compliance Guide 2025

📘 Vietnam Country Profile

Vietnam maintains a developing AML/CFT framework with increasing regulatory oversight. Key regulatory institutions include:

• State Bank of Vietnam (SBV) - Primary financial regulator
• Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) - Financial intelligence unit
• Ministry of Finance (MOF) - Financial sector oversight
• Ministry of Public Security (MPS) - Law enforcement

⚖️ Vietnam Regulatory Framework

• Law on Anti-Money Laundering 2012 (amended 2022)
• Law on Prevention and Combat of Terrorism Financing
• Circular 19/2016/TT-NHNN on AML/CFT
• Personal Data Protection Decree 13/2023/ND-CP

Key compliance requirements:

• Mandatory KYC/CDD procedures for all customers
• Enhanced due diligence for PEPs and high-risk clients
• 5-year minimum data retention period
• Mandatory STR filing for suspicious transactions

🛡️ Sanctions Regime

Vietnam implements UN sanctions and maintains domestic sanctions lists.

• Regular screening against UN and local watchlists
• Immediate asset freeze requirements
• Reporting obligations to FIU
• Compliance with both regional and international sanctions regimes

🔍 Risk Environment

Typologies:

• Trade-based money laundering
• Casino and gambling operations
• Real estate transactions
• Politically exposed persons (PEPs)
• Cross-border financial crimes

High-risk sectors: Banking, real estate, casinos, precious metals

📋 Reporting Requirements

Thresholds and Timelines:

• STR (Suspicious Transaction Report) filing: Within 24 hours of suspicion
• CTR (Currency Transaction Report): VND 500,000,000 (approx. $20,000)
• PEP reporting: Mandatory for domestic and foreign PEPs
• Annual compliance reports: Due March 31st

Penalties:

• Non-compliance fines: Up to VND 2,000,000,000 per violation
• License revocation for repeated violations
• Criminal liability for willful non-compliance

🔐 Data Protection & Privacy

• Personal Data Protection Decree 13/2023/ND-CP
• Mandatory data localization for financial records
• 5-year retention period for customer records
• Secure storage requirements for sensitive data
• Breach notification within 72 hours

🧩 Compliance Program

• Comprehensive KYC procedures
• Regular staff training programs
• Transaction monitoring systems
• PEP screening and enhanced due diligence
• Regular risk assessments

🧭 Supervisory Trends

• Increased focus on beneficial ownership transparency
• Enhanced scrutiny of cross-border transactions
• Stricter enforcement of KYC requirements
• Regular on-site inspections by regulators

📊 Risk Assessment Framework

Required Elements:

• Customer risk scoring methodology
• Product and service risk assessment
• Geographic risk factors
• Transaction pattern analysis
• Regular risk review cycles (minimum quarterly)

Documentation Requirements:

• Risk assessment methodology documentation
• Risk scoring criteria and thresholds
• Review and approval records

👥 Staff Training Requirements

Mandatory Training Topics:

• AML/CFT laws and regulations
• KYC and CDD procedures
• Sanctions screening
• Red flag indicators
• Reporting obligations

Training Frequency:

• New staff: Within 30 days of joining
• Annual refresher training
• Role-specific training for compliance staff

💻 System Requirements

Recommended Systems:

• Advanced transaction monitoring capabilities
• Automated sanctions screening tools
• Customer risk assessment templates
• Document management system
• Comprehensive reporting tools

Key Considerations:

• Systems should support Vietnamese language
• Ability to generate reports in required formats
• Comprehensive audit trail functionality
• Secure storage for customer documentation
• Compatibility with local reporting requirements

📝 Record Keeping

Documentation Requirements:

• Customer identification records
• Transaction records and supporting documents
• Risk assessment documentation
• Training records and certifications
• Internal audit reports

Retention Periods:

• Customer records: 5 years after relationship ends
• Transaction records: 5 years from date of transaction
• Training records: 5 years
• Audit reports: 5 years

🏦 Financial Sector

Banks & Financial Institutions:

• Enhanced due diligence for correspondent banking
• Special monitoring for high-risk transactions
• Strict wire transfer regulations
• Mandatory reporting of cross-border transactions

Real Estate Sector:

• Special focus on high-value property transactions
• Enhanced monitoring of foreign investors
• Specific requirements for property developers

🏢 Other Regulated Sectors

Casinos & Gambling:

• Enhanced due diligence for casino operators
• Special monitoring of high-value transactions
• Documentation of customer source of funds

Investment & Capital Markets:

• Strict monitoring of investment schemes
• Enhanced due diligence for fund managers
• Special attention to high-risk products

🌍 International Transactions

Key Requirements:

• Enhanced due diligence for cross-border wire transfers
• Mandatory reporting of international transactions above VND 500,000,000
• Special attention to transactions with high-risk jurisdictions
• Documentation of foreign exchange transactions
• Compliance with both regional and international sanctions regimes

Correspondent Banking:

• Strict due diligence on foreign correspondent banks
• Regular review of correspondent banking relationships
• Monitoring of nested account activities
• Documentation of foreign bank certifications

🔄 Trade Finance

Documentation Requirements:

• Detailed trade documentation for all transactions
• Verification of shipping documents
• Commodity price verification
• Beneficiary verification

Risk Mitigation:

• Regular review of trade finance patterns
• Enhanced monitoring of high-value transactions
• Special attention to dual-use goods
• Documentation of trade finance controls

⚠️ Common Challenges

Operational Challenges:

• Complex corporate structures
• Cross-border transaction monitoring
• Beneficial ownership verification
• Regulatory reporting complexity
• Technological integration

Regulatory Challenges:

• Frequent regulatory updates
• International compliance requirements
• Complex reporting obligations
• Regulatory coordination across jurisdictions

✅ Practical Solutions

Operational Solutions:

• Implement robust KYC/CDD systems
• Develop comprehensive monitoring tools
• Create standardized documentation processes
• Invest in compliance technology
• Build specialized compliance expertise

Regulatory Solutions:

• Regular regulatory updates and training
• Proactive engagement with regulators
• Documentation of compliance decisions
• Implementation of automated reporting systems

🤝 Best Practices

Communication Strategies:

• Regular meetings with regulatory contacts
• Proactive reporting of issues
• Clear documentation of compliance efforts
• Timely response to regulatory inquiries
• Maintenance of regulatory relationship logs

Examination Preparation:

• Maintain organized compliance documentation
• Conduct regular internal audits
• Prepare executive summaries of compliance programs
• Train staff on examination procedures

📋 Regulatory Reporting

Effective Reporting:

• Establish clear reporting timelines
• Implement quality control for reports
• Maintain reporting logs and acknowledgments
• Document any reporting delays or issues

Relationship Management:

• Designate primary regulatory contacts
• Maintain regulator contact database
• Document all regulatory communications
• Regular review of regulatory relationships

💡 Vietnam Compliance Tips

Key Red Flags in Vietnam:

• Complex corporate structures without clear business purpose
• Unusual cross-border transactions
• Reluctance to provide beneficial ownership information
• Transactions involving high-risk jurisdictions

Vietnam-Specific Considerations:

• Understanding local business practices and cultural norms
• Managing cross-border compliance challenges
• Building strong relationships with Vietnamese regulators
• Navigating language requirements (Vietnamese, English)

📚 Vietnam Regulatory Resources

• State Bank of Vietnam (SBV)
• Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU)
• Ministry of Finance (MOF)
• FATF Evaluation – Vietnam
• UN Security Council Consolidated List